Transformer faults in tanzanian electrical distribution networks: indicators, types, and causes

Abstract Transformers are essential and costly components of electrical secondary distribution networks (ESDNs). Distribution transformers provide electricity to low-voltage consumers that need a consistent power supply for their daily tasks. Transformer faults have an impact on ESDN reliability. Even though several studies attempted investigate fault parameters; types, causes, indicators in transformers, it is still difficult generalize these criteria based diversifications. These diversifications caused by the architecture itself, transformer type, insulation materials. Therefore, this paper investigates specifically oil-based Tanzania’s using oil analysis technique Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) tool descriptive statistical analysis. Results show cellulose deterioration accounted 33.2% all faults, leading causes overload, aging, moisture content. Despite issues, arcing 26.2% trippings, short circuits, flashovers. The outcome work may help utility implement more advanced monitoring maintenance mechanisms enhance reliability reduce ESDN.